Investigation of Slamming-induced Whipping Responses of S175 Container Ships by a CFD-MBD Two-way Coupling Approach

GENG Yanchao; WEN Liangjun; LI Zhaoqi; CHEN Zhanyang; ZHAO Nan; SI Hailong

doi:10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.02.011

PDF(6353 KB)

Equipment Environmental Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2) : 93-102. DOI: 10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.02.011

船舶及海洋工程装备Ships and Marine Engineering Equipment

Investigation of Slamming-induced Whipping Responses of S175 Container Ships by a CFD-MBD Two-way Coupling Approach

GENG Yanchao^1,2, WEN Liangjun^1,2, LI Zhaoqi³, CHEN Zhanyang^3,*, ZHAO Nan^1,2, SI Hailong^1,2

Author information +

History +

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the effect of bow slamming on the whipping response of ships. Focusing on the standard S175 container ship with a scale ratio of 1:40, the CFD solver OpenFOAM, the multibody dynamics solver MBDyn, and the fluid-structure interaction data interpolation library preCICE were employed to develop a numerical prediction tool for analyzing the hydroelastic response of the ship in regular waves. Based on a CFD-MBD two-way coupling algorithm, the motion responses, slamming loads, and vertical bending moment characteristics of the S175 container ship were systematically analyzed. The results indicated that when λ=1.2L_pp, severe bow slamming occurred, and the vertical wave bending moment reached its maximum in both hogging and sagging conditions. Under the effect of the bow impact loads, a pronounced high-frequency component emerged in the vertical wave bending moment. As the cross-sectional position approached the bow, the proportion of high-frequency bending moment components gradually increased, indicating a more significant slamming effect. These findings confirm that the proposed CFD-MBD two-way coupling algorithm can effectively predict the slamming-induced whipping response, thereby providing reliable theoretical data for engineering applications.

Key words

S175 container ship / bow slamming / whipping responses / hydroelasticity / CFD-MBD coupling approach / wave loads

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

GENG Yanchao, WEN Liangjun, LI Zhaoqi, CHEN Zhanyang, ZHAO Nan, SI Hailong. Investigation of Slamming-induced Whipping Responses of S175 Container Ships by a CFD-MBD Two-way Coupling Approach[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(2): 93-102 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.02.011

References

[1] 司海龙, 顾学康, 胡嘉骏. 超大型船舶砰击颤振与波激振动研究进展[J]. 船舶力学, 2022, 26(11): 1723-1735.
SI H L, GU X K, HU J J.Overview of Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Whipping and Springing for Ultra-Large Ships[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2022, 26(11): 1723-1735.
[2] GENG Y, YU H, HU J, et al.Investigation of Spring and Slamming Loads for River-Sea Ships by Model Test[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2014, 18(6): 635-643.
[3] SI H L, TIAN C, JIANG C X, et al.Experimental Slamming and Whipping Investigation of Ultralarge Container Ships in Waves[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2025, 325: 120759.
[4] 杨鹏. 船舶三维时域非线性水弹性响应研究[D]. 无锡: 中国船舶科学研究中心, 2016.
YANG P.Research on Three Dimensional Time Domain Nonlinear Hydroelastic Response of Ships[D]. Wuxi: China Ship Scientific Research Center, 2016.
[5] YANG P, LI J R, WU D W, et al.Irregular Frequency Elimination of Three-Dimensional Hydroelasticity in Frequency Domain[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2020, 196: 106817.
[6] YANG P, LI J R, GU X K, et al.Application of the 3D Time-Domain Green’s Function for Finite Water Depth in Hydroelastic Mechanics[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2019, 189: 106386.
[7] CHEN Z Y, YU C L, DONG P S.Rankine Source Method Analysis for Nonlinear Hydroelastic Responses of a Container Ship in Regular Oblique Waves[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2019, 187: 106168.
[8] 刘浩南. 恶劣海况下大型船舶颤振响应数值预报与模型试验研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2023.
LIU H N.Numerical Prediction and Model Test Research on Whipping Response of Large Ships under Severe Sea Conditions[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2023.
[9] 王海星. 超大型集装箱船波激振动和砰击颤振响应数值模拟方法研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2024.
WANG H X.Study on Numerical Simulation Method of Wave-Induced Vibration and Slamming Flutter Response of Super-Large Container Ship[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2024.
[10] LAKSHMYNARAYANANA P A, TEMAREL P.Application of a Two-Way Partitioned Method for Predicting the Wave-Induced Loads of a Flexible Containership[J]. Applied Ocean Research, 2020, 96: 102052.
[11] LAKSHMYNARAYANANA P A K, HIRDARIS S. Comparison of Nonlinear One- and Two-Way FFSI Methods for the Prediction of the Symmetric Response of a Containership in Waves[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2020, 203: 107179.
[12] JIAO J L, HUANG S X, WANG S, et al.A CFD-FEA Two-Way Coupling Method for Predicting Ship Wave Loads and Hydroelastic Responses[J]. Applied Ocean Research, 2021, 117: 102919.
[13] JIAO J L, HUANG S X, GUEDES SOARES C.Viscous Fluid-Flexible Structure Interaction Analysis on Ship Springing and Whipping Responses in Regular Waves[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2021, 106: 103354.
[14] WEI Y J, INCECIK A, TEZDOGAN T.A Fully Coupled CFD-DMB Approach on the Ship Hydroelasticity of a Containership in Extreme Wave Conditions[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022, 10(11): 1778.
[15] WEI Y J, INCECIK A, TEZDOGAN T.A Hydroelasticity Analysis of a Damaged Ship Based on a Two-Way Coupled CFD-DMB Method[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2023, 274: 114075.
[16] WEI Y.Fluid-Structure Interaction Models on the Hydroelastic Analysis of Containerships in Waves[D]. Glasgow: University of Strathclyde, 2023
[17] MASARATI P, MORANDINI M, MANTEGAZZA P.An Efficient Formulation for General-Purpose Multibody/ Multiphysics Analysis[J]. Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics, 2014, 9(4): 041001.
[18] 贺帆, 王建华, 万德成, 等. 利用CFD-MBD数值分析的超大型集装箱船水弹性响应分析[J]. 水动力学研究与进展A辑, 2024, 39(3): 442-451.
HE F, WANG J H, WAN D C, et al.Numerical Analysis of Hydroelasticity Response of Ultra Large Container Ship Using CFD-MBD[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2024, 39(3): 442-451.
[19] LIU Y C, XIAO Q, INCECIK A, et al.Aeroelastic Analysis of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine in Platform-Induced Surge Motion Using a Fully Coupled CFD-MBD Method[J]. Wind Energy, 2019, 22(1): 1-20.
[20] CAVAGNA L, MASARATI P, QUARANTA G.Coupled Multibody/Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Maneuvering Flexible Aircraft[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2011, 48(1): 92-106.
[21] BAKTI F P, JIN C, KIM M H.Practical Approach of Linear Hydro-Elasticity Effect on Vessel with Forward Speed in the Frequency Domain[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2021, 101: 103204.
[22] MENTER F R.Two-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications[J]. AIAA Journal, 1994, 32(8): 1598-1605.
[23] GHIRINGHELLI G L, MASARATI P, MANTEGAZZA P.Multibody Implementation of Finite Volume C Beams[J]. AIAA Journal, 2000, 38(1): 131-138.
[24] JACOBSEN N G, FUHRMAN D R, FREDSØE J. A Wave Generation Toolbox for the Open-Source CFD Library: OpenFoam®[J]. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 2012, 70(9): 1073-1088.
[25] CHEN Z Y, JIAO J L, LI H.Time-Domain Numerical and Segmented Ship Model Experimental Analyses of Hydroelastic Responses of a Large Container Ship in Oblique Regular Waves[J]. Applied Ocean Research, 2017, 67: 78-93.
[26] FONSECA N, GUEDES SOARES C.Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Results of Nonlinear Wave-Induced Vertical Ship Motions and Loads[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 2002, 6(4): 193-204.